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This Week in Science - The Fall of the Dinosaurs | Sestrin and the Consequences of Aging | Early Origin of Earth's Magnetic Field | Aging Snowball Earth | Little Things Do Matter | Ignition Set to Go | Bubble, Bubble, Warming and Trouble | Reexamining Glial Function | Corpse-Sorting Machinery | Managing Crossovers | Carboxysomes in a Row | Dropping a Notch | Episodic Rise...
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Editors' Choice - Physics: Weighing the Options | Molecular Biology: Acting Out of Character | Paleontology: Moving by Mistake | Microbiology: A Home Within a Home | Psychology: How Hard Is Hard? | Molecular Biology: Spreading Barrier | Climate Science: Ski While You Can...
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Random Samples - Small Dog Story | Mosquito Buzzer Won't Fly | Saying 'Om' Instead of 'Ow' | A World in a Grain...
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[Editorial] Biodiversity Is Our Life - Author: Julia Marton-Lefèvre...
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[News of the Week] Seismology: Two Years Later, New Rumblings Over Origins of Sichuan Quake - Scientists in China say they've ruled out reservoir triggering in the disastrous 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. But many earth scientists don't buy their arguments.Authors: Richard A. Kerr, Richard Stone...
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[News of the Week] Pharmacology: Growth Hormone Test Finally Nabs First Doper - Last week's announcement of the first athlete to be caught by a blood test designed to detect doping with human growth hormone to boost muscle mass represents a warning to athletes who may have thought HGH use was undetectable, and it also erases lingering doubts about the test among scientists.Author: John Travis...
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[News of the Week] Paleoclimatology: Snowball Earth Has Melted Back To a Profound Wintry Mix - On page 1241 of this week's issue of Science, geoscientists report evidence that the tropics hosted glaciers more than 100 million years before the supposed global freeze in which Earth froze over from pole to pole more than a half-billion years ago.Author: Richard A. Kerr...
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[News of the Week] Archaeology: Of Two Minds About Toba's Impact - Researchers gathered at a meeting last month to probe the impact on modern humans of the cataclysmic eruption of Indonesia's Mount Toba about 74,000 years ago?and to ponder whether modern humans had made it to Asia by the time the volcano blew.Author: Michael Balter...
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[News of the Week] ScienceInsider: From the Science Policy Blog - ScienceInsider reported this week that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and its parent organization, the United Nations Environment Programme, will request an independent review of IPCC in the wake of unprecedented criticisms of the panel, among other stories....
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[News of the Week] ScienceNOW.org: From Science's Online Daily News Site - ScienceNOW reported this week that an early polar bear has been discovered in Arctic tundra, an appetite-suppressing hormone called leptin is just as effective as insulin at controlling diabetes in mice, engraved eggs suggest early symbolism, and global warming didn't kill the golden toad, among other stories....
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[News of the Week] Nutrition Science: European Food Watchdog Slashes Dubious Health Claims - Europe's food safety watchdog on 25 February issued a scientific mass-verdict on more than 400 so-called health claims, the promises that food producers make on their labels and in advertisements, rejecting purported health benefits of a raft of substances.Author: Martin Enserink...
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[News of the Week] Genomics: Semiconductors Inspire New Sequencing Technologies - In a packed house at the final Saturday session of the annual Advances in Genome Biology and Technology meeting, revolutionary new DNA-sequencing technologies using silicon wafers and quantum dots were presented.Author: Elizabeth Pennisi...
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[News of the Week] Stem Cells: Reprogrammed Cells Come Up Short, for Now - Two recent papers offer some of the first side-by-side comparisons of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and human embryonic stem (hES) cells as they differentiate into various kinds of cells. In both papers, researchers report that iPS cells can form desired cell types, but they do so with less efficiency than hES cells.Author: Gretchen Vogel...
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[News Focus] Psychiatry: Anything But Child's Play - An alternative to juvenile bipolar disorder and a reorganization of autism-related disorders are among the controversial changes proposed for the fifth editionof psychiatrists' bible, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.Author: Greg Miller...
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[News Focus] Astronomy: Unwinding the Milky Way - For a generation, researchers have sought clues to our galaxy's origins in the rare stars whose compositions most closely approach the purity of the primeval universe.Author: Yudhijit Bhattacharjee...
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[News Focus] 17TH CONFERENCE ON RETROVIRUSES AND OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS, 16-19 FEBRUARY, SAN FRANCISCO, CA: The Ins and Outs of HIV - Presentations at the 17th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections challenged the most basic notions of how HIV enters and exits cells. New work indicates that endocytosis may be a more important entry route than direct fusion.Author: Jon Cohen...
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[News Focus] 17TH CONFERENCE ON RETROVIRUSES AND OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS, 16-19 FEBRUARY, SAN FRANCISCO, CA: Treatment as Prevention - At the 17th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, two groups presented some of the firmest data yet to support the concept of testing everyone for HIV and immediately starting all infected people on treatment.Author: Jon Cohen...
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[News Focus] 17TH CONFERENCE ON RETROVIRUSES AND OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS, 16-19 FEBRUARY, SAN FRANCISCO, CA: Limits of Success - According to the best estimates, 480,000 babies worldwide became infected with HIV in 2008, with a mere 21% of pregnant women receiving an HIV test and only 45% of those who tested positive receiving drugs to prevent infection?and that treatment was often suboptimal, according to work presented at the 17th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections.Author: Jon Cohen...
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[Letter] A Greener Future for China's Cities - Authors: Zongming Wang, Jing Ming Chen...
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[Letter] Bioenergy: Counting on Incentives - Authors: Kim Pingoud, Annette Cowie, Neil Bird, Leif Gustavsson, Sebastian Rüter, Roger Sathre, Sampo Soimakallio, Andreas Türk, Susanne Woess-Gallasch...
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[Letter] Bioenergy: Counting on Incentives?Response - Authors: Timothy D. Searchinger, Steven P. Hamburg, Jerry Melillo, William Chameides, Petr Havlik, Daniel M. Kammen, Gene E. Likens, Michael Obersteiner, Michael Oppenheimer, G. Philip Robertson, William H. Schlesinger, Ruben Lubowski, G. David Tilman...
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[Technical Comment] Comment on ?Movement Intention After Parietal Cortex Stimulation in Humans? - Authors: Hans-Otto Karnath, Svenja Borchers, Marc Himmelbach...
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[Technical Response] Response to Comment on ?Movement Intention After Parietal Cortex Stimulation in Humans? - Authors: Angela Sirigu, Carmine Mottolese, Michel Desmurget...
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[Book Review] History of Science: Romantics in the English Manner - Holmes has woven an engaging narrative from tales of English scientists in the decades around 1800.Author: Robert J. Richards...
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[Book Review] History of Science: Far More Than Mere Transmission - Masood's accessible survey explores the history of science in the Islamic world between the 8th and 16th centuries.Author: Laurel Brown...
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[Books et al.] Books Received - A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 26 February 2010....
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[Policy Forum] Energy: Behavior and Energy Policy - Investment in scalable, non?price-based behavioral interventions and research may prove valuable in improving energy efficiency.Authors: Hunt Allcott, Sendhil Mullainathan...
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[Perspective] Astronomy: Sunscreen for the Young Earth - Dating the establishment of Earth's magnetic field has implications for identifying conditions when life could take hold.Author: Moira Jardine...
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[Perspective] Ecology: The Seven Ages of Pan - Decades-long field studies require unusual dedication but provide unique insight into animal behavior and ecology.Authors: Tim Clutton-Brock, Ben C. Sheldon...
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[Perspective] Physics: Controlling Implosion Symmetry Around a Deuterium-Tritium Target - Fusion power is a step closer with the demonstration of control over the extreme thermal radiation pressure created by high-power laser beams within a cavity.Author: Peter A. Norreys...
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[Perspective] Cell Biology: Burn Out or Fade Away? - A protein whose expression is turned on by stress delays the onset of age-related pathologies.Authors: Ivan Topisirovic, Nahum Sonenberg...
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[Perspective] Climate Change: How Stable Is the Methane Cycle? - Ship and satellite data help to elucidate how methane emissions from sources such as wetlands may change in a warming climate.Author: Martin Heimann...
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[Perspective] Neuroscience: Questionable Calcium - The mechanism of calcium signaling in astrocytes is part of the debate on the role of glia at neuronal synapses.Author: Frank Kirchhoff...
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[Review] The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact and Mass Extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary - Authors: Peter Schulte, Laia Alegret, Ignacio Arenillas, José A. Arz, Penny J. Barton, Paul R. Bown, Timothy J. Bralower, Gail L. Christeson, Philippe Claeys, Charles S. Cockell, Gareth S. Collins, Alexander Deutsch, Tamara J. Goldin, Kazuhisa Goto, José M. Grajales-Nishimura, Richard A. F. Grieve, Sean P. S. Gulick, Kirk R. Johnson, Wolfgang Kiessling, Christian Koeberl, David A. Kring, Kenneth G. MacLeod, Takafumi Matsui, Jay Melosh, Alessandro...
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[Research Article] Contributions of Stratospheric Water Vapor to Decadal Changes in the Rate of Global Warming - Decreases in stratospheric water vapor after the year 2000 slowed the rate of increase in global surface temperature.Authors: Susan Solomon, Karen H. Rosenlof, Robert W. Portmann, John S. Daniel, Sean M. Davis, Todd J. Sanford, Gian-Kasper Plattner...
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[Research Article] Sestrin as a Feedback Inhibitor of TOR That Prevents Age-Related Pathologies - Sestrin proteins protect fruit flies from the tissue degeneration and disruption of metabolic homeostasis that accompany aging.Authors: Jun Hee Lee, Andrei V. Budanov, Eek Joong Park, Ryan Birse, Teddy E. Kim, Guy A. Perkins, Karen Ocorr, Mark H. Ellisman, Rolf Bodmer, Ethan Bier, Michael Karin...
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[Report] Symmetric Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions at Ultra-High Laser Energies - Laser-driven temperatures and implosion symmetry are close to the requirements for inertial-fusion ignition.Authors: S. H. Glenzer, B. J. MacGowan, P. Michel, N. B. Meezan, L. J. Suter, S. N. Dixit, J. L. Kline, G. A. Kyrala, D. K. Bradley, D. A. Callahan, E. L. Dewald, L. Divol, E. Dzenitis, M. J. Edwards, A. V. Hamza, C. A. Haynam, D. E. Hinkel, D. H. Kalantar, J. D. Kilkenny, O. L. Landen, J. D. Lindl, S. LePape, J. D. Moody, A. Nikroo, T. Par...
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[Report] Charged-Particle Probing of X-ray?Driven Inertial-Fusion Implosions - Laser-driven temperatures and implosion symmetry are close to the requirements for inertial-fusion ignition.Authors: C. K. Li, F. H. Séguin, J. A. Frenje, M. Rosenberg, R. D. Petrasso, P. A. Amendt, J. A. Koch, O. L. Landen, H. S. Park, H. F. Robey, R. P. J. Town, A. Casner, F. Philippe, R. Betti, J. P. Knauer, D. D. Meyerhofer, C. A. Back, J. D. Kilkenny, A. Nikroo...
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[Report] Deglacial Meltwater Pulse 1B and Younger Dryas Sea Levels Revisited with Boreholes at Tahiti - A coral-based record of sea level from Tahiti defines changes in the rate of sea-level rise between 14,000 and 9000 years ago.Authors: Edouard Bard, Bruno Hamelin, Doriane Delanghe-Sabatier...
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[Report] Geodynamo, Solar Wind, and Magnetopause 3.4 to 3.45 Billion Years Ago - Analysis of ancient silicate crystals indicates that Earth?s magnetic field existed 3.40 to 3.45 billion years ago.Authors: John A. Tarduno, Rory D. Cottrell, Michael K. Watkeys, Axel Hofmann, Pavel V. Doubrovine, Eric E. Mamajek, Dunji Liu, David G. Sibeck, Levi P. Neukirch, Yoichi Usui...
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[Report] Calibrating the Cryogenian - A volcanic tuff dated to 716.5 million years ago calibrates the timing of a global glaciation event and eukaryotic survival.Authors: Francis A. Macdonald, Mark D. Schmitz, James L. Crowley, Charles F. Roots, David S. Jones, Adam C. Maloof, Justin V. Strauss, Phoebe A. Cohen, David T. Johnston, Daniel P. Schrag...
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[Report] The Role of Sulfuric Acid in Atmospheric Nucleation - Gas-phase sulfuric acid and water react fast enough to account for the concentration of atmospheric sulfuric acid particles.Authors: Mikko Sipilä, Torsten Berndt, Tuukka Petäjä, David Brus, Joonas Vanhanen, Frank Stratmann, Johanna Patokoski, Roy L. Mauldin III, Antti-Pekka Hyvärinen, Heikki Lihavainen, Markku Kulmala...
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[Report] Extensive Methane Venting to the Atmosphere from Sediments of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf - Methane emissions from this region of sub-sea permafrost are comparable to previous estimates for the world ocean.Authors: Natalia Shakhova, Igor Semiletov, Anatoly Salyuk, Vladimir Yusupov, Denis Kosmach, Örjan Gustafsson...
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[Report] Hippocampal Short- and Long-Term Plasticity Are Not Modulated by Astrocyte Ca2+ Signaling - Previous reports of glial cell activity may reflect the pharmacological approaches used and not endogenous activity.Authors: Cendra Agulhon, Todd A. Fiacco, Ken D. McCarthy...
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[Report] RTEL-1 Enforces Meiotic Crossover Interference and Homeostasis - Crossing over between homologous chromosomes in meiosis is controlled in part by an anti-recombination enzyme.Authors: Jillian L. Youds, David G. Mets, Michael J. McIlwraith, Julie S. Martin, Jordan D. Ward, Nigel J. ONeil, Ann M. Rose, Stephen C. West, Barbara J. Meyer, Simon J. Boulton...
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[Report] Spatially Ordered Dynamics of the Bacterial Carbon Fixation Machinery - Tight control of the spatial arrangement of carboxysome organelles optimizes carbon fixation in cyanobacterial cells.Authors: David F. Savage, Bruno Afonso, Anna H. Chen, Pamela A. Silver...
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[Report] Retromer Is Required for Apoptotic Cell Clearance by Phagocytic Receptor Recycling - An intracellular membrane-sorting machinery participates in cellular corpse clearance.Authors: Didi Chen, Hui Xiao, Kai Zhang, Bin Wang, Zhiyang Gao, Youli Jian, Xiaying Qi, Jianwei Sun, Long Miao, Chonglin Yang...
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New Products - A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers....
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[Podcast] Science Podcast - The show includes natural methane venting to the atmosphere, strong mussel fibers, and challenges for stem-cell science....
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